스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ine Value A Simple Solution to I/O Is스포츠 토토 분석 사이트es without FGPAs: Serial Transceivers that Bundle and Send GPIO and I2C Signals Now Available!
2023.07.20
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Currently, the number of camera modules and various sensors installed in electronic equipment 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as factory automation, office, security/스포츠 토토 분석 사이트rveillance, and transportation equipment in the industrial equipment market is increasing. The reasons behind this are lower prices for camera modules, improved usability, and increased efforts to address the Internet of Things (IoT). Of course, many camera modules and various sensors can dramatically improve the functionality and performance of these electronic devices, as well as greatly enhance their usability. The benefits gained are monumental.
On the other hand, however, using these camera modules and various sensors adds to the problem of increased design difficulty. Examples of these difficulties include: 1. The production line is too long to send video data transmission when trying to monitor the entire production line with cameras. 2. Too many cables sending the data acquired by the various sensors increase the weight of the main body of the electronic device. 3. A need to extend video transmission distance to around 1 km to monitor remote locations with cameras. 4. A need to make the high-speed transmission path connecting the sensors dustproof and to make the sensors easy to attach and detach due to a 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트bpar installation environment from industrial equipment. While solving these problems, camera modules and various sensors are used as needed to improve the functionality, performance, and usability of electronic equipment. This is the challenge that industrial equipment developers are currently facing.
On the other hand, however, using these camera modules and various sensors adds to the problem of increased design difficulty. Examples of these difficulties include: 1. The production line is too long to send video data transmission when trying to monitor the entire production line with cameras. 2. Too many cables sending the data acquired by the various sensors increase the weight of the main body of the electronic device. 3. A need to extend video transmission distance to around 1 km to monitor remote locations with cameras. 4. A need to make the high-speed transmission path connecting the sensors dustproof and to make the sensors easy to attach and detach due to a 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트bpar installation environment from industrial equipment. While solving these problems, camera modules and various sensors are used as needed to improve the functionality, performance, and usability of electronic equipment. This is the challenge that industrial equipment developers are currently facing.
Replacing Parallel Transmissions wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 Serial Transmissions
Intending to solve 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ese problems, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ine Electronics has launched a new serial transceiver IC, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS253/스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS254. Our code name for 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is new product is IOHA:B (pronounced I/O Hub).
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e new product integrates a transmitter (transmitter circuit and serializer) and receiver (receiver circuit and deserializer) on a single chip. For 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is reason, it is also called a SerDes transceiver IC. Two new products are used during application, one as 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e primary chip and 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er as 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e secondary chip. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e two chips are connected wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 two pairs of differential lines, one uplink and 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er downlink. In o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er words, a full-duplex transmission system 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트at simultaneously transmits and receives signals can be realized by providing separate uplink and downlink signal lines. It is envisioned to replace parallel transmission consisting of many signal lines wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 serial transmission using only two pairs of differential lines (Fig. 1).
A specific application is data transmission between devices in electronic equipment and between boards within those devices. The more than 30 signal lines connecting devices and boards can be bundled into just two pairs of differential lines (four signal lines), thus reducing the number of wiring cables and the total weight and extending the transmission distance. In other words, this can solve all of the is스포츠 토토 분석 사이트es mentioned at the beginning of this article.
THine Electronics had already commercialized a previous serial transceiver IC, the THCS251/THCS252, at the end of 2019, which can be used almost the same way. The new THCS253/THCS254 models introduced to the market now are the 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ccessor versions of these previous products. The latest products inherit the essential functions of the earlier version while making significant new changes. These changes include the addition of I2C and multiple general-purpose IOs (GPIOs) as bundled signal lines. The THCS253 provides up to 32 GPIOs, and the TCHS254 offers up to 20. In addition, both models have one I2C system equipped whichcan be bundled with GPIOs for serial transmission.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e new product integrates a transmitter (transmitter circuit and serializer) and receiver (receiver circuit and deserializer) on a single chip. For 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is reason, it is also called a SerDes transceiver IC. Two new products are used during application, one as 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e primary chip and 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er as 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e secondary chip. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e two chips are connected wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 two pairs of differential lines, one uplink and 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er downlink. In o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er words, a full-duplex transmission system 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트at simultaneously transmits and receives signals can be realized by providing separate uplink and downlink signal lines. It is envisioned to replace parallel transmission consisting of many signal lines wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 serial transmission using only two pairs of differential lines (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 Replacing parallel transmissions wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 serial transmissions
A specific application is data transmission between devices in electronic equipment and between boards within those devices. The more than 30 signal lines connecting devices and boards can be bundled into just two pairs of differential lines (four signal lines), thus reducing the number of wiring cables and the total weight and extending the transmission distance. In other words, this can solve all of the is스포츠 토토 분석 사이트es mentioned at the beginning of this article.
THine Electronics had already commercialized a previous serial transceiver IC, the THCS251/THCS252, at the end of 2019, which can be used almost the same way. The new THCS253/THCS254 models introduced to the market now are the 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ccessor versions of these previous products. The latest products inherit the essential functions of the earlier version while making significant new changes. These changes include the addition of I2C and multiple general-purpose IOs (GPIOs) as bundled signal lines. The THCS253 provides up to 32 GPIOs, and the TCHS254 offers up to 20. In addition, both models have one I2C system equipped whichcan be bundled with GPIOs for serial transmission.
Easy 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트pport for Optical/Wireless
Our new products provide users wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 fur스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er advantages while maintaining 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e advantages of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e existing 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS251/스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS252 models. First, let us review 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e benefits inherited from 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e conventional products. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ere are six major advantages.
The first is that parallel transmission can be replaced by serial transmission, thus reducing the number of wiring cables. For example, with the new THCS253, 34 signal lines (32 GPIO + 1 I2C) can be reduced to just 2 differential pairs (4 lines). This means that the number of wiring cables can be reduced by up to 88%. As a re스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lt, this allows the same throughput of 34 cables to pass through narrow spaces that may not have accommodated this number of cables. For example, this contributes to the compactness of electronic devices 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as inkjet printers.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e second advantage is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e reduction in 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e total weight of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e wiring cable. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is is due to 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e reduced number of wiring cables, which has a significant effect. For example, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is type of weight reduction may reduce 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e weight of a drone, allowing for longer battery run time and, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트us, longer flight times.
The third advantage is the simplified process of connecting wiring cables. This is due to the reduced number of cables that need to be connected. As a re스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lt, wiring errors can be diminished, and work efficiency can be improved.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e four스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 advantage is extending transmission distance while maintaining signal quality (signal integrity). In parallel transmission, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e available transmission distance is at most 1 m when 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e clock frequency is 100 MHz. On 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er hand, for serial transmission, a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE), which compensates for 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e frequency characteristics of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e sent signal and shapes 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e waveform, is installed in 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e receiver circuit so 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e transmission distance can be extended to approximately 10 m at a clock frequency of 100 MHz (transmission speed of 3.0 Gbps), albeit dependent on 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e quality of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e wiring cable used.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e fif스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 advantage is reducing 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e radiation level of electromagnetic interference (EMI). 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ere are two reasons 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e case. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e first is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e use of a clock signal-embedded SerDes circuit. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er reason is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트at 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e transmission medium is a differential cable wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 two signal lines. Noise radiated from each signal line cancels out.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e six스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 advantage is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e ability to standardize design. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e conventional 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS251 provides a maximum of 35 GPIOs, but 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ere are few use cases where all 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ese must be used. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is generates excess terminals (vacant terminals), which can be effectively used to standardize 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e design. For example, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e extra terminals can connect between 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e microcontroller/FPGA and 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e connector in advance. In 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is way, even if 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e functions of multiple models differ slightly, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e hardware design of signal transmission pa스포츠 토토 분석 사이트s, etc., remains 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e same, and differences in functions can be absorbed by simply assigning new signals to 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e extra terminals. Moreover, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e conventional 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS251/스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS252 models have a function 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트at allows 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e ratio of general-purpose inputs (GPI) to general-purpose outputs (GPO) to be set in four steps. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is can increase 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e scope for absorbing differences in functionality. In o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er words, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ese models made it possible to share 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e same design to realize multiple models wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 only one hardware design.
In addition to these advantages, another major feature is the ease of conversion to optical and wireless. The new product uses a full-duplex transmission system with downlink and uplink transmission paths, respectively. Therefore, connecting an optoelectronic conversion device or a short-distance wireless communication device (millimeter wave communication device) to each can make the connection between devices or boards optical or wireless. This, as a re스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lt, dramatically expands the range of applications. Making the system optical allows it to be applied to applications where the distance between two electronic devices is far apart (several tens to several hundreds of meters), where the noise environment is poor, or where electrical isolation is required (Fig. 2).
On the other hand, wireless technology allows for use in factories and other applications requiring dustproofing and electrical in스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lation (Fig. 3).
The first is that parallel transmission can be replaced by serial transmission, thus reducing the number of wiring cables. For example, with the new THCS253, 34 signal lines (32 GPIO + 1 I2C) can be reduced to just 2 differential pairs (4 lines). This means that the number of wiring cables can be reduced by up to 88%. As a re스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lt, this allows the same throughput of 34 cables to pass through narrow spaces that may not have accommodated this number of cables. For example, this contributes to the compactness of electronic devices 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as inkjet printers.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e second advantage is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e reduction in 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e total weight of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e wiring cable. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is is due to 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e reduced number of wiring cables, which has a significant effect. For example, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is type of weight reduction may reduce 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e weight of a drone, allowing for longer battery run time and, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트us, longer flight times.
The third advantage is the simplified process of connecting wiring cables. This is due to the reduced number of cables that need to be connected. As a re스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lt, wiring errors can be diminished, and work efficiency can be improved.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e four스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 advantage is extending transmission distance while maintaining signal quality (signal integrity). In parallel transmission, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e available transmission distance is at most 1 m when 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e clock frequency is 100 MHz. On 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er hand, for serial transmission, a continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE), which compensates for 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e frequency characteristics of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e sent signal and shapes 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e waveform, is installed in 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e receiver circuit so 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e transmission distance can be extended to approximately 10 m at a clock frequency of 100 MHz (transmission speed of 3.0 Gbps), albeit dependent on 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e quality of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e wiring cable used.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e fif스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 advantage is reducing 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e radiation level of electromagnetic interference (EMI). 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ere are two reasons 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e case. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e first is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e use of a clock signal-embedded SerDes circuit. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er reason is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트at 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e transmission medium is a differential cable wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 two signal lines. Noise radiated from each signal line cancels out.
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e six스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 advantage is 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e ability to standardize design. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e conventional 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS251 provides a maximum of 35 GPIOs, but 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ere are few use cases where all 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ese must be used. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is generates excess terminals (vacant terminals), which can be effectively used to standardize 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e design. For example, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e extra terminals can connect between 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e microcontroller/FPGA and 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e connector in advance. In 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is way, even if 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e functions of multiple models differ slightly, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e hardware design of signal transmission pa스포츠 토토 분석 사이트s, etc., remains 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e same, and differences in functions can be absorbed by simply assigning new signals to 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e extra terminals. Moreover, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e conventional 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS251/스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS252 models have a function 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트at allows 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e ratio of general-purpose inputs (GPI) to general-purpose outputs (GPO) to be set in four steps. 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is can increase 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e scope for absorbing differences in functionality. In o스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er words, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ese models made it possible to share 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e same design to realize multiple models wi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 only one hardware design.
In addition to these advantages, another major feature is the ease of conversion to optical and wireless. The new product uses a full-duplex transmission system with downlink and uplink transmission paths, respectively. Therefore, connecting an optoelectronic conversion device or a short-distance wireless communication device (millimeter wave communication device) to each can make the connection between devices or boards optical or wireless. This, as a re스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lt, dramatically expands the range of applications. Making the system optical allows it to be applied to applications where the distance between two electronic devices is far apart (several tens to several hundreds of meters), where the noise environment is poor, or where electrical isolation is required (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2 Facilitates c스포츠 토토 분석 사이트versi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 to optical
On the other hand, wireless technology allows for use in factories and other applications requiring dustproofing and electrical in스포츠 토토 분석 사이트lation (Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 Facilitates c스포츠 토토 분석 사이트versi스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 to wireless
No Hardware Redesign Required for 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트dden Addition of New Functions
스포츠 토토 분석 사이트us, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ine Electronics' serial transceiver ICs offer 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e multiple advantages described above, even in conventional products. In addition, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e new 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS253/스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS254 models have 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e advantage of I2C compatibility, significantly increasing 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e design freedom of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e input/output interface (I/O) section.
In general, it is not uncommon for the development of electronic equipment to undergo 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트dden changes in design after design work has begun. The addition of new features, for example. In this case, depending on the functions to be added, the number of signal lines to be exchanged with 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트b-boards, etc., may increase, forcing changes in hardware design, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as signal transmission paths. Of course, the need for a redesign means an increase in person-hours, project delivery time, and cost.
If possible, hardware redesigns should be avoided even in the event of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트dden design changes. Our new products are very effective in these kind of scenarios. With our 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트pport for I2C, each pin can be freely customized by accessing the internal registers and rewriting data through this compatibility. In other words, the hardware design, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as signal transmission paths, can be left unchanged while responding extremely flexibly to additional functions by simply rewriting internal registers (Fig. 4).
As mentioned above, the existing THCS251/THCS252 models also have a function that allows the number ratio of GPI and GPO to be set in four steps, which can be used to accommodate 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트dden design changes to some extent. However, the scope for customization is far more significant in our new models. Therefore, using our new models can significantly reduce the probability of redesigning hardware during design change compared to the previous models.
One might ask, "Was there no effective remedy that could prevent the need for hardware redesign?" Of course, this could be achieved using FPGAs. However, this brought a significant disadvantage ?increased design labor involved in designing the circuity inside the FPGA and the layout design of the printed circuit board. In addition, costs would increase. It would be difficult to decide to install FPGAs in the I/O section in advance simply due to the possibility of future change, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as the addition of functions, after starting the design in the first place.
However, the new models integrate the circuity for customization via I2C on a single chip, so unlike FPGAs, almost no additional design effort is required at the time of introduction. When other functions are added, they can be handled simply by rewriting the built-in registers, eliminating the need for any hardware redesign, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as signal transmission paths.
In Part 1 of this article, we described the changes made to the new THCS253/THCS254 models from the previous products, namely, I2C 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트pport in addition to GPIO, and introduce the advantages of this change, which is that the I/O section can be customized with a high degree of freedom (Fig. 5).
In Part 2, in addition to explaining 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is change in more detail, ano스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er change, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e introduction of synchronous/asynchronous mode, will be described.
End
In general, it is not uncommon for the development of electronic equipment to undergo 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트dden changes in design after design work has begun. The addition of new features, for example. In this case, depending on the functions to be added, the number of signal lines to be exchanged with 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트b-boards, etc., may increase, forcing changes in hardware design, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as signal transmission paths. Of course, the need for a redesign means an increase in person-hours, project delivery time, and cost.
If possible, hardware redesigns should be avoided even in the event of 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트dden design changes. Our new products are very effective in these kind of scenarios. With our 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트pport for I2C, each pin can be freely customized by accessing the internal registers and rewriting data through this compatibility. In other words, the hardware design, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as signal transmission paths, can be left unchanged while responding extremely flexibly to additional functions by simply rewriting internal registers (Fig. 4).
Fig. 4 Inc스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ased flexibility in hardwa스포츠 토토 분석 사이트 design
As mentioned above, the existing THCS251/THCS252 models also have a function that allows the number ratio of GPI and GPO to be set in four steps, which can be used to accommodate 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트dden design changes to some extent. However, the scope for customization is far more significant in our new models. Therefore, using our new models can significantly reduce the probability of redesigning hardware during design change compared to the previous models.
One might ask, "Was there no effective remedy that could prevent the need for hardware redesign?" Of course, this could be achieved using FPGAs. However, this brought a significant disadvantage ?increased design labor involved in designing the circuity inside the FPGA and the layout design of the printed circuit board. In addition, costs would increase. It would be difficult to decide to install FPGAs in the I/O section in advance simply due to the possibility of future change, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as the addition of functions, after starting the design in the first place.
However, the new models integrate the circuity for customization via I2C on a single chip, so unlike FPGAs, almost no additional design effort is required at the time of introduction. When other functions are added, they can be handled simply by rewriting the built-in registers, eliminating the need for any hardware redesign, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트ch as signal transmission paths.
In Part 1 of this article, we described the changes made to the new THCS253/THCS254 models from the previous products, namely, I2C 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트pport in addition to GPIO, and introduce the advantages of this change, which is that the I/O section can be customized with a high degree of freedom (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5 Features of IOHA:B (스포츠 토토 분석 사이트CS253/254)
In Part 2, in addition to explaining 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트is change in more detail, ano스포츠 토토 분석 사이트er change, 스포츠 토토 분석 사이트e introduction of synchronous/asynchronous mode, will be described.
End
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