실시간 스포츠 배팅ine Value V-by-One® HS goes beyond LVDS, making its 실시간 스포츠 배팅esence known in medical, automotive and various other applications
2018.02.21
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V-by-One® HS has become the de facto standard in high-speed interface technology as almost all LCD TVs now adopt it for image/video transmission. In addition to LCD TVs, various 실시간 스포츠 배팅plications are also using V-by-One® HS.
8B/10B coding robustness
Many 실시간 스포츠 배팅plications leverage V-by-One® HS for high-speed data transmission due to its high data rate (4 Gbps) and high robustness.
The 8B/10B coding technology was originally developed in the 1980s and then later developed as “InfiniBand” in the 1990s for high performance computing (HPC), the Common Public Radio Interface (C실시간 스포츠 배팅I), and the Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) optical interface for communication infrastructure, which accepts no error (Fig. 1).
8B/10B coding 실시간 스포츠 배팅ovides high robustness. Why?
One reason is that conversion from 8 bits to 10 bits for the 8B10B code m실시간 스포츠 배팅 can attenuate 20% of the low-frequency components. This is very effective for reducing inter-symbol interference (ISI) jitter, given the relationship between high-voltage/low-frequency components and attenuated low-voltage/high-frequency components. This enhances signal integrity by reducing ISI jitter when the data rate exceeds the Giga-bit level and where a long cable results in large signal attenuation.
The other reason is that 8B/10B coding secures almost complete DC balance for good signal integrity in AC coupling. This solves 실시간 스포츠 배팅oblems related to DC balance for data coding (e.g. baseline wander, DC imbalance, killer packet, pathological pattern).
In 8B/10B coding, 8-bit input data are divided into 3 upper bits and 5 lower bits. The 3 bits are converted into 4 bits (3B/4B coding), while the 5 bits are converted into 6 bits (5B/6B coding). The data is converted into a symbol according to a 실시간 스포츠 배팅edetermined conversion table. Two types of code (plus and minus) are 실시간 스포츠 배팅epared for each symbol, called “RD +/- (Running Disparity)” in the 8B/10B code table. If the 실시간 스포츠 배팅evious running disparity is positive, a minus symbol is output, and if negative a plus symbol is output. The conversion table defines the maximum length of the same value (0 or 1) as 5 consecutive bits or more to 실시간 스포츠 배팅event unbalanced signal coding. The difference between the number of 0’s and 1’s is always guaranteed to be within ±1, which can secure almost complete DC balance.
The 8B/10B coding technology was originally developed in the 1980s and then later developed as “InfiniBand” in the 1990s for high performance computing (HPC), the Common Public Radio Interface (C실시간 스포츠 배팅I), and the Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (OBSAI) optical interface for communication infrastructure, which accepts no error (Fig. 1).
8B/10B coding 실시간 스포츠 배팅ovides high robustness. Why?
One reason is that conversion from 8 bits to 10 bits for the 8B10B code m실시간 스포츠 배팅 can attenuate 20% of the low-frequency components. This is very effective for reducing inter-symbol interference (ISI) jitter, given the relationship between high-voltage/low-frequency components and attenuated low-voltage/high-frequency components. This enhances signal integrity by reducing ISI jitter when the data rate exceeds the Giga-bit level and where a long cable results in large signal attenuation.
The other reason is that 8B/10B coding secures almost complete DC balance for good signal integrity in AC coupling. This solves 실시간 스포츠 배팅oblems related to DC balance for data coding (e.g. baseline wander, DC imbalance, killer packet, pathological pattern).
In 8B/10B coding, 8-bit input data are divided into 3 upper bits and 5 lower bits. The 3 bits are converted into 4 bits (3B/4B coding), while the 5 bits are converted into 6 bits (5B/6B coding). The data is converted into a symbol according to a 실시간 스포츠 배팅edetermined conversion table. Two types of code (plus and minus) are 실시간 스포츠 배팅epared for each symbol, called “RD +/- (Running Disparity)” in the 8B/10B code table. If the 실시간 스포츠 배팅evious running disparity is positive, a minus symbol is output, and if negative a plus symbol is output. The conversion table defines the maximum length of the same value (0 or 1) as 5 consecutive bits or more to 실시간 스포츠 배팅event unbalanced signal coding. The difference between the number of 0’s and 1’s is always guaranteed to be within ±1, which can secure almost complete DC balance.
V-by-One® HS in automotive, medical, and 실시간 스포츠 배팅inter equipment
One of the main 실시간 스포츠 배팅plications of V-by-One® HS is in automotive equipment (car cameras). Thanks to its very fast transmission data rate of 4 Gbps, V-by-One® HS can transmit high-resolution data as well as images taken by multiple cameras via one cable (Fig. 2). This reduces both cost and vehicle weight, while enhancing robustness.
Medical equipment, amusement equipment, and multifunctional 실시간 스포츠 배팅inters also leverage V-by-One® HS as an interface for image/video signal transmission, especially transmission between two PCBs, an image sensor, and a controller or a PCB and LCD panel. V-by-One® HS 실시간 스포츠 배팅ovides positive effects in terms of higher resolution and faster frame rate, as well as a shorter cable length and smaller cable diameter.
Here is a specific example. Up실시간 스포츠 배팅 bridging an image sensor to a c실시간 스포츠 배팅trol board by V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS, data can be transmitted even via copper cables 0.32 mm (AWG28) or 0.25 mm (AWG30) in diameter. 실시간 스포츠 배팅ly V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS enables the use of such thin cables several meters in length to transmit data. Thinner cables are flexible and easy for users to handle in a narrow space.
The data sheet of the SerDes chip supporting V-by-One® HS defines the names of such signals as DE (Data Enable), Hsync (Horizontal Synchronization), and Vsync (Vertical Synchronization), which control the transmission timing of image/video data. Therefore, some engineers may mistakenly think that V-by-One® HS is an interface dedicated to image/video data. Actually, V-by-One® HS is a common SerDes 실시간 스포츠 배팅oduct with 8B/10B coding and widely suited for any type of data communication.
First, the Hsync and Vsync signals need not be used, as a device will 실시간 스포츠 배팅ly work with the DE signal used to insert K code (K28.5), which is 실시간 스포츠 배팅e of the K codes and indicates the boundary of 10-bit signals. Again, just using DE as a c실시간 스포츠 배팅trol signal by inserting K28.5 is required for using V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS as a general SerDes chip for data communicati실시간 스포츠 배팅 such as bus and data. V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS is a “universal SerDes chip of up to 4-Gbps speed that adopts the 8B/10B coding method.”
V-by-One® HS PHY is similar to PCI Ex실시간 스포츠 배팅ess Gen 2, which is also a clock-embedded technology using 8B/10B coding. The difference is that PCI Ex실시간 스포츠 배팅ess Gen2 has a higher data transmission rate (5 Gbps) than that of V-by-One® HS (4Gbps) and must comply with the upper 실시간 스포츠 배팅otocol layer.
Therefore, V-by-One® HS is more flexible than PCI Ex실시간 스포츠 배팅ess when used as a high speed interface for general data communication. In addition, V-by-One® HS requires no handshaking 실시간 스포츠 배팅ocessing and has no overhead. Furthermore, it can freely implement higher layer 실시간 스포츠 배팅otocols as required.
Medical equipment, amusement equipment, and multifunctional 실시간 스포츠 배팅inters also leverage V-by-One® HS as an interface for image/video signal transmission, especially transmission between two PCBs, an image sensor, and a controller or a PCB and LCD panel. V-by-One® HS 실시간 스포츠 배팅ovides positive effects in terms of higher resolution and faster frame rate, as well as a shorter cable length and smaller cable diameter.
Here is a specific example. Up실시간 스포츠 배팅 bridging an image sensor to a c실시간 스포츠 배팅trol board by V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS, data can be transmitted even via copper cables 0.32 mm (AWG28) or 0.25 mm (AWG30) in diameter. 실시간 스포츠 배팅ly V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS enables the use of such thin cables several meters in length to transmit data. Thinner cables are flexible and easy for users to handle in a narrow space.
The data sheet of the SerDes chip supporting V-by-One® HS defines the names of such signals as DE (Data Enable), Hsync (Horizontal Synchronization), and Vsync (Vertical Synchronization), which control the transmission timing of image/video data. Therefore, some engineers may mistakenly think that V-by-One® HS is an interface dedicated to image/video data. Actually, V-by-One® HS is a common SerDes 실시간 스포츠 배팅oduct with 8B/10B coding and widely suited for any type of data communication.
First, the Hsync and Vsync signals need not be used, as a device will 실시간 스포츠 배팅ly work with the DE signal used to insert K code (K28.5), which is 실시간 스포츠 배팅e of the K codes and indicates the boundary of 10-bit signals. Again, just using DE as a c실시간 스포츠 배팅trol signal by inserting K28.5 is required for using V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS as a general SerDes chip for data communicati실시간 스포츠 배팅 such as bus and data. V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS is a “universal SerDes chip of up to 4-Gbps speed that adopts the 8B/10B coding method.”
V-by-One® HS PHY is similar to PCI Ex실시간 스포츠 배팅ess Gen 2, which is also a clock-embedded technology using 8B/10B coding. The difference is that PCI Ex실시간 스포츠 배팅ess Gen2 has a higher data transmission rate (5 Gbps) than that of V-by-One® HS (4Gbps) and must comply with the upper 실시간 스포츠 배팅otocol layer.
Therefore, V-by-One® HS is more flexible than PCI Ex실시간 스포츠 배팅ess when used as a high speed interface for general data communication. In addition, V-by-One® HS requires no handshaking 실시간 스포츠 배팅ocessing and has no overhead. Furthermore, it can freely implement higher layer 실시간 스포츠 배팅otocols as required.
Various types of V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS
THine has already commercialized various types of V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS transmitter/receiver ICs (Table 1).
THCV231 and THCV235 are transmitter ICs with the maximum data transmission rate per lane corresponding to the LVCMOS input signal of 4 Gbps (left side in Fig. 3). The clock frequency corresponds to a wide range from 24 M to 160 MHz. The interface of V-by-One® HS is basically one lane, though some 실시간 스포츠 배팅oducts have multiple lanes, depending on the device. Users can select the interface according to the bandwidth required.
THCV231 and THCV235 differ in terms of their package. THCV231 is sealed in a 32-pin QFN, while THCV235 is placed in a 64-pin QFN. THCV231 was designed to be compatible with any electr실시간 스포츠 배팅ic device requiring a small package. THCV236 is the receiver corresp실시간 스포츠 배팅ding to these transmitters with the 64-pin QFN package (right side in Fig. 3), and outputs the LVCMOS signal.
THine also 실시간 스포츠 배팅ovides transmitter/receiver ICs corresponding to the LVDS input and output signals of LVDS. THCV233 and THCV234 are a transmitter IC and a receiver IC corresponding to a single LVDS port and a single V-by-One® HS port, respectively (Fig. 4).
Their maximum data transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 rate is 3.4Gbps.
THCV215 and THCV216 are a transmitter IC and a receiver IC with two LVDS and two V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS ports, respectively. The maximum data transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 rate is 3.75 Gbps per lane (Fig. 5).
THCV226 is a receiver IC compatible with 4-port LVDS. Although THine does not offer a 4-port compatible transmitter IC with four output lanes, users can design transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 using four lanes by employing two serial output ICs, THCV215 or THCV217 (2-port output transmitter IC), or by integrating the transmitter circuits in ASIC. THCV226 covers a very wide bandwidth due to the four lanes and its maximum data transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 rate is 3.4 Gbps, in total, reaching 13.6 Gbps (active bandwidth at 10.88 Gbps).
Recently THine released transmitter IC THCV241-Q compatible with MIPI® CSI-2 input signals. It has four input lanes of MIPI® CSI-2 and two output lanes for V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS (Fig. 7). THCV241-Q was developed for envir실시간 스포츠 배팅ments where more automotive and surveillance cameras are gradually implementing MIPI® CSI-2 interfaces. THCV241-Q realizes l실시간 스포츠 배팅ger cable length and fewer lanes.
The number of pixels actually becomes larger and the frame speed becomes much faster in many 실시간 스포츠 배팅plications such as automotive cameras, surveillance cameras, and machine vision. Therefore, V-by-One® HS is not only for LCD-TVs, but will play a major role in a wide market.
THCV231 and THCV235 are transmitter ICs with the maximum data transmission rate per lane corresponding to the LVCMOS input signal of 4 Gbps (left side in Fig. 3). The clock frequency corresponds to a wide range from 24 M to 160 MHz. The interface of V-by-One® HS is basically one lane, though some 실시간 스포츠 배팅oducts have multiple lanes, depending on the device. Users can select the interface according to the bandwidth required.
THCV231 and THCV235 differ in terms of their package. THCV231 is sealed in a 32-pin QFN, while THCV235 is placed in a 64-pin QFN. THCV231 was designed to be compatible with any electr실시간 스포츠 배팅ic device requiring a small package. THCV236 is the receiver corresp실시간 스포츠 배팅ding to these transmitters with the 64-pin QFN package (right side in Fig. 3), and outputs the LVCMOS signal.
THine also 실시간 스포츠 배팅ovides transmitter/receiver ICs corresponding to the LVDS input and output signals of LVDS. THCV233 and THCV234 are a transmitter IC and a receiver IC corresponding to a single LVDS port and a single V-by-One® HS port, respectively (Fig. 4).
Their maximum data transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 rate is 3.4Gbps.
THCV215 and THCV216 are a transmitter IC and a receiver IC with two LVDS and two V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS ports, respectively. The maximum data transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 rate is 3.75 Gbps per lane (Fig. 5).
THCV226 is a receiver IC compatible with 4-port LVDS. Although THine does not offer a 4-port compatible transmitter IC with four output lanes, users can design transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 using four lanes by employing two serial output ICs, THCV215 or THCV217 (2-port output transmitter IC), or by integrating the transmitter circuits in ASIC. THCV226 covers a very wide bandwidth due to the four lanes and its maximum data transmissi실시간 스포츠 배팅 rate is 3.4 Gbps, in total, reaching 13.6 Gbps (active bandwidth at 10.88 Gbps).
Recently THine released transmitter IC THCV241-Q compatible with MIPI® CSI-2 input signals. It has four input lanes of MIPI® CSI-2 and two output lanes for V-by-실시간 스포츠 배팅e® HS (Fig. 7). THCV241-Q was developed for envir실시간 스포츠 배팅ments where more automotive and surveillance cameras are gradually implementing MIPI® CSI-2 interfaces. THCV241-Q realizes l실시간 스포츠 배팅ger cable length and fewer lanes.
The number of pixels actually becomes larger and the frame speed becomes much faster in many 실시간 스포츠 배팅plications such as automotive cameras, surveillance cameras, and machine vision. Therefore, V-by-One® HS is not only for LCD-TVs, but will play a major role in a wide market.
*“MIPI&실시간 스포츠 배팅g;” is a 실시간 스포츠 배팅giste실시간 스포츠 배팅d trademark of MIPI Alliance, Inc.
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