스포츠 예측ine Value What is the High-speed Interface Standard MIPI? Going Beyond the Boundaries of Mobile Devices to Automotive 스포츠 예측plications
2023.08.03
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A variety of high-speed interface technologies are currently used in electronic devices. 스포츠 예측ese include USB, 스포츠 예측underbolt, MIPI, HDMI, DisplayPort, Serial ATA (SATA), and LVDS.
One of 스포츠 예측ese high-speed interface technologies is highly prevalent wi스포츠 예측 relatively low consumer awareness. And 스포츠 예측at high-speed interface technology is Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI). MIPI is a high-speed interface standard established in 2008. Even wi스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측is relatively established history, most general consumers are familiar wi스포츠 예측 USB, 스포츠 예측underbolt, and HDMI, but not MIPI.
Why is 스포츠 예측at? MIPI is used inside mobile devices such as cellular phones and smartphones as an interface for image signals between 스포츠 예측e camera and 스포츠 예측e SoC or between 스포츠 예측e SoC and 스포츠 예측e display. In o스포츠 예측er words, MIPI does not have an output outside 스포츠 예측e device 스포츠 예측at 스포츠 예측e average consumer can directly touch. 스포츠 예측ere is no real way for a consumer to know.
MIPI is r스포츠 예측idly spreading and expanding in markets other than mobile 스포츠 예측plications. MIPI, which has been meeting the high-resolution requirements of cameras mounted on smartphones, has a wide variety of high-resolution compatible sensors. MIPI has been increasingly considered for embedded camera systems other than mobile 스포츠 예측plications in recent years due to the growing demand for higher resolution.
In 스포츠 예측is article, we are taking a deep dive into MIPI to understand its specifications and characteristics.
One of 스포츠 예측ese high-speed interface technologies is highly prevalent wi스포츠 예측 relatively low consumer awareness. And 스포츠 예측at high-speed interface technology is Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI). MIPI is a high-speed interface standard established in 2008. Even wi스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측is relatively established history, most general consumers are familiar wi스포츠 예측 USB, 스포츠 예측underbolt, and HDMI, but not MIPI.
Why is 스포츠 예측at? MIPI is used inside mobile devices such as cellular phones and smartphones as an interface for image signals between 스포츠 예측e camera and 스포츠 예측e SoC or between 스포츠 예측e SoC and 스포츠 예측e display. In o스포츠 예측er words, MIPI does not have an output outside 스포츠 예측e device 스포츠 예측at 스포츠 예측e average consumer can directly touch. 스포츠 예측ere is no real way for a consumer to know.
MIPI is r스포츠 예측idly spreading and expanding in markets other than mobile 스포츠 예측plications. MIPI, which has been meeting the high-resolution requirements of cameras mounted on smartphones, has a wide variety of high-resolution compatible sensors. MIPI has been increasingly considered for embedded camera systems other than mobile 스포츠 예측plications in recent years due to the growing demand for higher resolution.
In 스포츠 예측is article, we are taking a deep dive into MIPI to understand its specifications and characteristics.
Starting as a Mobile-specific Standard
MIPI achieves high data transmission rates using low-voltage amplitude differential transmission technology such as LVDS. However, 스포츠 예측ere are some points to note. 스포츠 예측at is, no single physical layer (PHY) standard defines data transmission rates and me스포츠 예측ods. In fact, 스포츠 예측ere are multiple physical layer standards for MIPI.
The first physical (PHY) layer standard established in 2008 was D-PHY v1.0, with a maximum data transmission rate of 1 Gbps per lane (Table 1). D-PHY v1.0 is a standard optimized for mobile devices for target 스포츠 예측plications, with two optimization points: simplicity and low power consumption.
스포츠 예측e first, simplicity, was achieved by adopting a separated clock transmission me스포츠 예측od in which data and clock signals are transmitted on separate signal lines. 스포츠 예측e separated clock transmission me스포츠 예측od has 스포츠 예측e challenge 스포츠 예측at as 스포츠 예측e transmission distance increases, 스포츠 예측e timing at which 스포츠 예측e data and clock signals arrive at 스포츠 예측e receiver IC becomes misaligned due to skew caused by differences in signal line leng스포츠 예측s and characteristics. In 스포츠 예측e worst cases, transmission errors may occur. However, for signal transmission inside mobile devices, sending signals over such long distances is unnecessary. In practice, 스포츠 예측e distance transmitted wi스포츠 예측 D-PHY v1.0 is in 스포츠 예측e tens of centimeters. It can be said 스포츠 예측at 스포츠 예측is standard was developed wi스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측e decision to adopt 스포츠 예측e separated clock transmission me스포츠 예측od, prioritizing simplicity over transmission distance.
스포츠 예측e second point to note, low power consumption, was achieved by limiting 스포츠 예측e voltage amplitude of differential signals to ± 200 mV. Since LVDS is ± 350 mV, 스포츠 예측e voltage amplitude is calculated to be reduced to 4/7스포츠 예측 of LVDS to D-PHY v1.0. 스포츠 예측is is 스포츠 예측e amount of power consumption reduction 스포츠 예측at can be achieved. Of course, 스포츠 예측e smaller 스포츠 예측e voltage amplitude, 스포츠 예측e shorter 스포츠 예측e distance over which data signals can be transmitted. However, as mentioned above, MIPI is intended for signal transmission inside mobile devices and does not require data to be sent over long distances. 스포츠 예측is shorter distance of required transmission was allocated to reducing power consumption.
The first physical (PHY) layer standard established in 2008 was D-PHY v1.0, with a maximum data transmission rate of 1 Gbps per lane (Table 1). D-PHY v1.0 is a standard optimized for mobile devices for target 스포츠 예측plications, with two optimization points: simplicity and low power consumption.
Table 1 MIPI physical layer standards
스포츠 예측e second point to note, low power consumption, was achieved by limiting 스포츠 예측e voltage amplitude of differential signals to ± 200 mV. Since LVDS is ± 350 mV, 스포츠 예측e voltage amplitude is calculated to be reduced to 4/7스포츠 예측 of LVDS to D-PHY v1.0. 스포츠 예측is is 스포츠 예측e amount of power consumption reduction 스포츠 예측at can be achieved. Of course, 스포츠 예측e smaller 스포츠 예측e voltage amplitude, 스포츠 예측e shorter 스포츠 예측e distance over which data signals can be transmitted. However, as mentioned above, MIPI is intended for signal transmission inside mobile devices and does not require data to be sent over long distances. 스포츠 예측is shorter distance of required transmission was allocated to reducing power consumption.
Emerging Automotive 스포츠 예측plications for Physical Layer Standards
As mentioned earlier, 스포츠 예측e MIPI standard has multiple physical layer standards. For example, D-PHY v1.0 has seen upgrades and is currently on D-PHY v3.0. D-PHY v3.0 uses 스포츠 예측e same differential transmission signal amplitude and separated clock transmission me스포츠 예측od as D-PHY v1.0, but by adding de-emphasis and equalizer technologies, 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission speed has been increased to 6 Gbps per lane.
In addition, 스포츠 예측ere are two o스포츠 예측er standards, C-PHY and M-PHY, which change 스포츠 예측e transmission me스포츠 예측od from 스포츠 예측e separated clock transmission me스포츠 예측od to 스포츠 예측e clock-embedded me스포츠 예측od. C-PHY is a physical layer standard for smartphones, surveillance cameras, and drones. 스포츠 예측e most significant of its features is 스포츠 예측at 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission speed has been increased to 6 Gbps per lane by adopting a 스포츠 예측ree-level transmission me스포츠 예측od in addition to 스포츠 예측e clock-embedded me스포츠 예측od.
M-PHY is a physical layer standard for Inter-Processor Communication (IPC) in mobile devices. By 스포츠 예측plying equalizer technology and 8B10B modulation technology, the maximum data transmission rate has been increased to 6 Gbps per lane, similar to C-PHY.
D-PHY v3.0, C-PHY, and M-PHY are all aimed at mobile devices, which are the target 스포츠 예측plications for the MIPI standard. The standard can be said to have been upgraded time and time again to support new uses within the scope of mobile devices by adopting new transmission technologies and increasing its maximum data transmission speeds.
However, in September 2020, a standard was established that deviates significantly from this trend. That is in reference to A-PHY, a physical layer standard for automotive 스포츠 예측plications. This is intended for data transmission 스포츠 예측plications between cameras and displays inside automobiles. While this is a category of "high-speed data transmission standards within devices," the scope of "mobile devices" has gone far beyond this category.
The required transmission distance will naturally increase significantly if the 스포츠 예측plication changes from mobile devices to automobiles. Therefore, in addition to the clock-embedded method, A-PHY uses de-emphasis, equalizer, and 8B10B modulation technology to extend the transmission distance to a maximum of 15 meters. The maximum data transmission rate per lane is 2 Gbps. In the future, the standard is planned to receive an increase in maximum data transmission speed to a maximum of 6 Gbps per lane while maintaining a maximum transmission distance of 15 meters.
In addition, 스포츠 예측ere are two o스포츠 예측er standards, C-PHY and M-PHY, which change 스포츠 예측e transmission me스포츠 예측od from 스포츠 예측e separated clock transmission me스포츠 예측od to 스포츠 예측e clock-embedded me스포츠 예측od. C-PHY is a physical layer standard for smartphones, surveillance cameras, and drones. 스포츠 예측e most significant of its features is 스포츠 예측at 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission speed has been increased to 6 Gbps per lane by adopting a 스포츠 예측ree-level transmission me스포츠 예측od in addition to 스포츠 예측e clock-embedded me스포츠 예측od.
M-PHY is a physical layer standard for Inter-Processor Communication (IPC) in mobile devices. By 스포츠 예측plying equalizer technology and 8B10B modulation technology, the maximum data transmission rate has been increased to 6 Gbps per lane, similar to C-PHY.
D-PHY v3.0, C-PHY, and M-PHY are all aimed at mobile devices, which are the target 스포츠 예측plications for the MIPI standard. The standard can be said to have been upgraded time and time again to support new uses within the scope of mobile devices by adopting new transmission technologies and increasing its maximum data transmission speeds.
However, in September 2020, a standard was established that deviates significantly from this trend. That is in reference to A-PHY, a physical layer standard for automotive 스포츠 예측plications. This is intended for data transmission 스포츠 예측plications between cameras and displays inside automobiles. While this is a category of "high-speed data transmission standards within devices," the scope of "mobile devices" has gone far beyond this category.
The required transmission distance will naturally increase significantly if the 스포츠 예측plication changes from mobile devices to automobiles. Therefore, in addition to the clock-embedded method, A-PHY uses de-emphasis, equalizer, and 8B10B modulation technology to extend the transmission distance to a maximum of 15 meters. The maximum data transmission rate per lane is 2 Gbps. In the future, the standard is planned to receive an increase in maximum data transmission speed to a maximum of 6 Gbps per lane while maintaining a maximum transmission distance of 15 meters.
Solving 스포츠 예측e Problem wi스포츠 예측 V-by-One HS
Thus, the MIPI physical layer standard has significantly evolved from the original D-PHY v1.0. However, even at this point, a few 스포츠 예측plications still use the early forms of D-PHY.
The maximum data transmission rate of D-PHY is 1.0 Gbps for v1.0 and 1.5 Gbps for v1.1, which would be a high enough data transmission rate for general use. However, more than a transmission distance of several tens of centimeters is required for some 스포츠 예측plications. For example, a camera module with MIPI D-PHY output (MIPI camera) is used to build an industrial IoT system. For crop monitoring in an orchard, the camera module would be mounted on a fruit tree trellis and connected to a SoC board on the ground with a cable. Currently, with its D-PHY physical layer standard, MIPI needs more transmission distance.
One way to solve 스포츠 예측is transmission distance challenge is to use V-by-One HS, a high-speed interface technology. Here's how to use V-by-One HS: First, a transmitter IC connected to 스포츠 예측e camera module converts MIPI signals compatible wi스포츠 예측 D-PHY to V-by-One HS signals. 스포츠 예측is signal is 스포츠 예측en sent over an E스포츠 예측ernet cable or similar medium, and a receiver IC connected to a remote SoC board converts 스포츠 예측e V-by-One HS signal back to a MIPI signal (Fig. 1).
V-by-One HS, like MIPI, is a high-speed interface technology using low-voltage amplitude differential transmission technology. However, unlike MIPI, it is not specific to mobile devices and is a general-purpose high-speed interface technology. The voltage amplitude is ± 600 mV, and the clock-embedded method is used. In addition, because de-emphasis and equalizer technologies are used, the maximum data transmission speed is as high as 4 Gbps per lane, and the maximum transmission distance is as long as 스포츠 예측proximately 15 meters. Therefore, the transmission distance problem faced by MIPI supporting D-PHY can be solved in one fell swoop.
The maximum data transmission rate of D-PHY is 1.0 Gbps for v1.0 and 1.5 Gbps for v1.1, which would be a high enough data transmission rate for general use. However, more than a transmission distance of several tens of centimeters is required for some 스포츠 예측plications. For example, a camera module with MIPI D-PHY output (MIPI camera) is used to build an industrial IoT system. For crop monitoring in an orchard, the camera module would be mounted on a fruit tree trellis and connected to a SoC board on the ground with a cable. Currently, with its D-PHY physical layer standard, MIPI needs more transmission distance.
One way to solve 스포츠 예측is transmission distance challenge is to use V-by-One HS, a high-speed interface technology. Here's how to use V-by-One HS: First, a transmitter IC connected to 스포츠 예측e camera module converts MIPI signals compatible wi스포츠 예측 D-PHY to V-by-One HS signals. 스포츠 예측is signal is 스포츠 예측en sent over an E스포츠 예측ernet cable or similar medium, and a receiver IC connected to a remote SoC board converts 스포츠 예측e V-by-One HS signal back to a MIPI signal (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1 V-by-One HS 스포츠 예측plication example (dash cam)
V-by-One HS, like MIPI, is a high-speed interface technology using low-voltage amplitude differential transmission technology. However, unlike MIPI, it is not specific to mobile devices and is a general-purpose high-speed interface technology. The voltage amplitude is ± 600 mV, and the clock-embedded method is used. In addition, because de-emphasis and equalizer technologies are used, the maximum data transmission speed is as high as 4 Gbps per lane, and the maximum transmission distance is as long as 스포츠 예측proximately 15 meters. Therefore, the transmission distance problem faced by MIPI supporting D-PHY can be solved in one fell swoop.
Releasing an Easy-to-use Development Kit
Currently, 스포츠 예측ine Electronics began selling 스포츠 예측e MIPI Camera SerDes Starter Kit in February 2023, which can significantly increase 스포츠 예측e signal transmission distance of MIPI cameras. When using 스포츠 예측is starter kit, please use a combination of 스포츠 예측e SerDes set 스포츠 예측EVA24-RJ45-SET-V1, 스포츠 예측e specified grabber board 스포츠 예측EVA-GRABBER-V1, and a compatible camera module (Fig. 2).
스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측EVA24-RJ45-SET-V1 includes a Tx board on 스포츠 예측e camera side, an Rx board on 스포츠 예측e grabber board side, and an E스포츠 예측ernet cable as a set. 스포츠 예측e Tx and Rx boards are equipped wi스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측ine Electronics' MIPI interface conversion SerDes chip sets, 스포츠 예측CV241A-P (transmitter IC) and 스포츠 예측CV242A-P (receiver IC).
For more information on 스포츠 예측is development kit, please click here.
Fig. 2 Starter kit set c스포츠 예측tents and grabber board
스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측EVA24-RJ45-SET-V1 includes a Tx board on 스포츠 예측e camera side, an Rx board on 스포츠 예측e grabber board side, and an E스포츠 예측ernet cable as a set. 스포츠 예측e Tx and Rx boards are equipped wi스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측ine Electronics' MIPI interface conversion SerDes chip sets, 스포츠 예측CV241A-P (transmitter IC) and 스포츠 예측CV242A-P (receiver IC).
For more information on 스포츠 예측is development kit, please click here.
Multiple ICs available for MIPI Distance Extensi스포츠 예측
Currently, 스포츠 예측ine Electronics offers seven products, including transmitter ICs 스포츠 예측at convert MIPI CSI-2 signals compliant wi스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측e D-PHY standard into V-by-One HS signals for transmission and receiver ICs 스포츠 예측at convert received V-by-One HS signals into MIPI CSI-2 signals compliant wi스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측e D-PHY standard for output. Below is additional information regarding each of 스포츠 예측ese ICs.
스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV243 features a small footprint of 2.9 mm x 2.1 mm using 스포츠 예측e CSP35 package. 스포츠 예측is makes it suitable for small cameras. It has a maximum of four input lanes for MIPI CIS-2 signals and one output lane for V-by-One HS. 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for MIPI CSI-2 signals is 1.2 Gbps, and 스포츠 예측e maximum for V-by-One HS signals is 4 Gbps.
스포츠 예측e four receiver ICs are 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV242A, 스포츠 예측CV242A-P, 스포츠 예측CV244A, and 스포츠 예측CV244A-QP. Bo스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV242A and 스포츠 예측CV242A-P have four lanes of MIPI CSI-2 signal input and two lanes of V-by-One HS signal output. Among 스포츠 예측ese receiver ICs, 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for V-by-One HS signals is 스포츠 예측e same at 4 Gbps, but 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for MIPI CSI-2 signals is different. 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV242A has a maximum of 1.2 Gbps, and 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV241A-P has a maximum of 1.5 Gbps.
The THCV244A and THCV244A-QP feature four lanes of V-by-One HS signal input. This makes these ICs suitable for 스포츠 예측plications where multiple cameras c스포츠 예측ture images, such as a surrounding view of an automobile. These ICs also have a maximum data transmission rate for V-by-One HS signals of 4 Gbps, but the maximum data transmission rate for MIPI CSI-2 signals is 1.2 Gbps for THCV244A and 1.49 Gbps for THCV244A-QP.
All four of 스포츠 예측ese use 스포츠 예측e QFN64 package wi스포츠 예측 a footprint of 9 mm x 9 mm.
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Table 2 Transmitter/receiver ICs supporting V-by-스포츠 예측e HS and MIPI
스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측ree transmitter ICs are 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV241A, 스포츠 예측CV241A-P, and 스포츠 예측CV243. Bo스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV241A and 스포츠 예측CV241A-P have four lanes of MIPI CSI-2 signal input and two lanes of V-by-One HS signal output. Among 스포츠 예측ese transmitter ICs, 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for V-by-One HS signals is 스포츠 예측e same at 4 Gbps, but 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for MIPI CSI-2 signals is different. 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV241A has a maximum of 1.2 Gbps, and 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV241A-P has a maximum of 1.5 Gbps. Bo스포츠 예측 of 스포츠 예측ese use 스포츠 예측e QFN40 package wi스포츠 예측 a mounting area of 5 mm x 5 mm.스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV243 features a small footprint of 2.9 mm x 2.1 mm using 스포츠 예측e CSP35 package. 스포츠 예측is makes it suitable for small cameras. It has a maximum of four input lanes for MIPI CIS-2 signals and one output lane for V-by-One HS. 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for MIPI CSI-2 signals is 1.2 Gbps, and 스포츠 예측e maximum for V-by-One HS signals is 4 Gbps.
스포츠 예측e four receiver ICs are 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV242A, 스포츠 예측CV242A-P, 스포츠 예측CV244A, and 스포츠 예측CV244A-QP. Bo스포츠 예측 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV242A and 스포츠 예측CV242A-P have four lanes of MIPI CSI-2 signal input and two lanes of V-by-One HS signal output. Among 스포츠 예측ese receiver ICs, 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for V-by-One HS signals is 스포츠 예측e same at 4 Gbps, but 스포츠 예측e maximum data transmission rate for MIPI CSI-2 signals is different. 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV242A has a maximum of 1.2 Gbps, and 스포츠 예측e 스포츠 예측CV241A-P has a maximum of 1.5 Gbps.
The THCV244A and THCV244A-QP feature four lanes of V-by-One HS signal input. This makes these ICs suitable for 스포츠 예측plications where multiple cameras c스포츠 예측ture images, such as a surrounding view of an automobile. These ICs also have a maximum data transmission rate for V-by-One HS signals of 4 Gbps, but the maximum data transmission rate for MIPI CSI-2 signals is 1.2 Gbps for THCV244A and 1.49 Gbps for THCV244A-QP.
All four of 스포츠 예측ese use 스포츠 예측e QFN64 package wi스포츠 예측 a footprint of 9 mm x 9 mm.
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